System of heating and ventilation.



Patented Mar. 20, |900.

W. H. HORMEL. SYSTEM 0F HEATING AND VENTILATION.

(Application ld Mar. 17, 1898.1

2 Sheets-Sheet l.

(No Model.)

IlzH.

WTNESSES IN VENT 0R Allomey Tu: bums PETERS co'. movaumo., wasumawn. o. c.

No. 645,8I3.

Patented Mar. 20k, |900. w. H. HonMEL.

SYSTEM 0F HEATING AND VENTILATION.

(Application med Mar. 17, 189B.)

2 ASheets-Sheet 2,

(No Model.)

v'JNVENTOR fr. M', @dw-mc A'ford a temperature which shall be equalized `through the furnace-chamber has become Nrran Srnfrnsf Fries.

^WlLLlAll/I Il. HORMEL, OF AUSTIN, MINNESOTA.

SYSTEM OFv HEATING AND VENTILATION.

SPCIFICATON forming part Of L'GGIS Patent N0. 645,813, dated March 20, 1906. Application `ilecl March 17, 1898. Serial No. 674,216. (No model.)

To a/ZZ whom, it may concern:

Beit known that I, WILLIAM H. HonMnL, a residentof Austin, in'thecounty of Mower'- and State of Minnesota, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Systems of Heating and Ventilation; and l do hereby declare the following to be afull, clear, and exact description vof the invention, such as'will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to an improved system of heating and Ventilating buildingsfone object of the invention being to insure a full and free circulation of air adequate tothe generating capacity of the furnace. y

A further object is to insure the conservation of the heat generated bythe furnace.

A further object' is to provide a convenient and eective system of ventilation.

A further object is to establish a heating and Ventilating system which will result in an actual saving of fuel and heat, so as to afin all parts of the rooms heated and by means of which to insure by a rapid circulation a balmy atmosphere throughout the building.

A further object is to provide a system of heating and ventilation for buildings which shall be simple, which can be carried into effect with the use of a hot-air furnace of any preferred form of construction, which shall be economical, and which shall be effectual in all respects in the performance of its functions.

With these objects in view the. invention consists in certain novel features of construction and combinations and arrangements of parts, as hereinafter set forth, and pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figures l and 2 are transverse sectional views of a building, showing an embodiment of my invention. Fig. 3 is a detail view.

Heretofore in the ordinary system of hotair heating the circulation has not been sufficient for the generating capacity of the furnace, and thus the air impeded in its passage overheated and is to a greater or less degree deoxygenized; also, a jacket of hot-air has been formed around the furnace, thus rendering the radiating-surface less efficient as a conductor of heat.v An unnecessary amount of heat has been wasted in the basement, having been radiated lfrom the furnacejacket and from an unnecessarily large number vof hot-air pipes. the capacity of the cold-air duct as heretofore arranged has generally been made two v or-'three times the capacity of the Ventilatingflue; but it isimpossible to draw any more air into the average Well-built building than can be simultaneously drawn out bythe ventilating-iiue. In most cases also the fact is overlooked that the atmosphere in a dwelling can be kept purer by being kept in rapid circulation. Unnecessary expense has been incurred by complications in the usual ventilating apparatus. These objections are all overcome bymy improvements.

In the drawings, A represents a building', in the cellar or basement of which (preferably at or near the center thereof) a pit A is made, and in this pit a foundation A2,of brick,is disposed for the reception of a furnace A3, of any preferred form of construction. furnace AS is surrounded by a furnace-wall B (preferably of brick) in such manner as to form an annular' chamber B', said wall having an annular series of openings B2 at its lower end. Another wall G surrounds the furnace wall B, so as to form an annular chamber D, communicating at its lower end through the openings B2 with the chamber B'. The upper end of the furnace-wall B is contracted somewhat in size and adapted to receive a hot-air register 1, which may be utilized to convey heated air to a large hall or a room located on the lower floor of a building, preferably at or near the center thereof.

By contracting the upper end of the furnace-wallB, as above explained, and making the inclosing Wall C of a uniform diameter throughout its full length the annular chamber D will be enlarged at its upper end, as in-l dcated at 2,fora purpose presently explained. A smoke-pipe 3 communicates at one end with the furnace and at the other end with a chimney 4. A duct or flue 5 for the admission of external cold air communicates at oneend with the chamber D,surrounding thefurnace,

c and at the other end said duct or ue extends through the Wall of the building. A series of hot-air fines or pipes 6 communicate with the The hot-air4 For the purpose of ventilation IOO , chamber B and are extended to the various rooms of the building, where they communicate with suitablel registers placed in the walls of the rooms near the floors, or, if desired, said registers may be located in the iioors. Return-nues '7 also communicate with the rooms of the building at points removed as far as possible from the hot-air registers, and these flues extend to and communicate with the enlarged upper end of the annular chamberD,surrounding the furnace-wall B. The walls between various rooms and halls of the building are also made with openings 8, which serve as vents to permit the free and rapid circulation of hot-air throughout the building.

v From the above it will be seen that the heated air leaves the furnace and after circulating through the building is finally returned by the flues 7 to the annular chamber `D,which surrounds the furnace, `and from said chamber the air enters the chamber B. During its passage through the annular chamber D the air absorbs considerable heat, and when it passes through the furnace-chamber B' it will, in a sense, be superheated, and thus all the heat generated by the furnace will be utilized in heating the air which is distributed throughout the building.

In order to ventilate the building and remove all impurities from the air, ventilatin giiues 9 will be made to communicate with any desired number of the return-lines 7 and with the chimney.

The combined capacity of the cold-air-return flues (including the duct connected with the hall or large register) should be about equal to the capacity of the cold-air chamber D plus the capacity of the Ventilating-lines. (By capacity is here meant the carrying capacity of the flues and air-chamber.) The capacity of the Ventilating-dues is added to allow for the air that is drawn out of the return-flues by the Ventilating-hues connected with them.

It may be here stated that where the return-fines communicate with the rooms of the building suitable registers will be provided the same as for the hot-air flues. The openings or vents in the walls of the rooms may, if desired, be covered with suitable ma.

terial. The cold-air ducts may be made of wood or of sheet metal, if desired, and may in many cases be built between joists.

It is apparent that the relative capacities of the various fines may be changed in aecordance with the plan of the building, the

. number of rooms, and also their size.

nace, and thus more easily conducted from the lire-pot through the iron walls of the furnace, avoiding the waste of heat occasioned by the jacket of air hereinbefore referred to and also preventing the furnace from burning out so rapidly as heretofore. I am also enabled to prevent the wasting of heat in the basement. In ordinary dwellings the basement is used as a cellar and the ordinary furnace unlits it for the storage of fruit and vegetables. My improvements overcome this- First, by surrounding the f urnace-chamber with an outer wall of brick, leaving a space between the two walls from four to six inches in width, according to the generating capacity of the furnace. Into this space all the cold air and the return air is conveyed, being let in at the top and conveyed into the furnacechamber at the bottom, thus keeping a continual current of cold air around the warm walls of the furnace-chamber and carrying pure warm air up into the rooms instead of allowing any of it to radiate in the basement. By conveying the cool air to the annular chamber D at the enlarged upper end thereof and providing ports or holes B2 all around the lower end'of the inner wall B the air will be thoroughly distributed not only in all parts of the annular chamber D, but also in the in ner chamber surrounding the furnace, thus causing all parts of the volume of cool air to come into contact with the furnace and result in a uniform heating of the air. y

Second. The waste of heat is obviated by having only one register on the first floor to suppl y the heat for the rooms ordinarily thrown open together. This register,as above explained,is placed directly over the furnacecha-mber, thus allowing the hot air to rise naturally upward from the furnace into the apartments and avoiding a great deal of unnecessary friction and piping. ,From each room to be heated a cold-air duct is built from the side farthest from the hot-air regis ter,and the cold air in the rooms is thus drawn off and conducted into the chamber between the two furnace-walls, as before explained. Here it is drawn around the warmed wall of the furnace-chamber through the openings at the bottom of this wall and passes into the furnace-chamber, around its hot radiating-surface, and up into the building again. This maintains a rapid current, the hot air rising, the cold air being drawn olf from the iioors and replaced by warm air, so that the temperature is equalized and steadily kept so in every part and corner of the rooms thus connected. The upper rooms of the building areheated by means of hot-air flues exr-l tending up through the walls and provided with registers, andthe proper circulation is secured by the vents or openings in the Walls `of the rooms, preferablyfat the base-boards, said vents or openings allowing the cold air to be drawn out into the hall and thence downwardly through a good-sizcd cold-air ue conveniently located in the lower hall,

from whence it returns to the annular chamber D, surrounding the furnace.

My improvements also overcome the usual complications and unnecessary expense for ventilation in connection with a furnace. Proper ventilation can only be had by the rising of warmed air in the Iiue used for ventilating purposes. The capacity of the one or more Ventilating-dues must be the measure for the capacity of the duct carrying cold air from out of doors into the cold-air chamber. Dwellings are built as near air-tight as possible. Therefore we cannot expect to carry more air into the house than is carried olf by the Ventilating-fine. The rule now generally followed is to make the combined capacity of the warm-air flues the measure of the capacity of the cold-air duct, making the latter twothirds the capacity of the former. Main dependence for circulation is placed on the cold-air duct from outside. In most homes the Ventilating-line has not one-fourth the capacity of the cold-air duct, thus largely reducing the circulation of the air, delaying it in its passage over the radiating-surface of the furnace, and thereby overheating the atmosphere and defeating one of the chief means of ventilation-viz., the continual and rapid movements of the particles of air upon each other.

Instead of running a Ventilating-duct from each room into the Ventilating flue or chimney the Ventilating in my improved system is carried on from the return-fines. The air which has been breathed is that which has been in the rooms the longest, and will also be the coolest. This will be found next to the floor, and is drawn off into the cold-air ducts, where it goes its way to the furnace-chamber of the system. This is the air which needs Ventilation. For this purpose my improvements make the capacity of the return-air ducts large enough to supply a free and full circulation for the furnace and to allow for air drawn from them through the Ventilatingducts running from them into the Ventilating liuc or chimney. Only a small amount of piping is needed, as the distance from the Ventilating-flue to the nearest point in a return-Hue is Very short, because the flue is generally near to the furnace. As the supply of air for all the rooms heated passes through the cold-air duct and the return-air ducts, when the latter is ven tilated the entire furnace-su pply is ventilated.

My improvements are simple, but experience has shown that the results which they produce are important, and they are effectual in every respect in performing their important functions.

Various changes might be made in the details of construction and in the arrangement of my improvements without departing from the spirit of my invention or limiting its scope, and hence I do not wish to limit myself to the precise details herein set forth.

Having fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. The herein-described system consisting of a heater inclosed by two concentric walls spaced apart to form an annular chamber between them, the inner Wall forming an annular chamber around the heater, said inner wall having an annular series of ports or holes atits lower end connecting the outer annular chamber with the annular chamber surrounding the heater, means for conducting cool air to the upper end of the outer annular chamber and means for conducting heated air from the chamber surrounding the furnace.

2. The herein-described system of heating and Ventilating consisting of a heater located below the lower floor of a building, a wall surrounding the heater so as to form an annular chamber surrounding the heater, said wall having an annular series of constantlyopen holes at its lower end, the upper end of said wall forming a hot-air outlet and constituting the sole means for supplying heat to said lower floor, a second annular wall inclosing the first and spaced therefrom, return-lines communicating with rooms of the building and with the upper portion of the annular chamber formed by the two annular walls, and lines connecting the return-v iiues with the chimney, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination with a furnace, of a wall surrounding the same so as to forni an annular chamber, an outer Wall surrounding the first so as to form a second annular chamberin constant communication at the lower end with the first by means of an annular series of openings, said outer annular wall having a uniform diameter throughout and the upper end of the inner Wall having a contracted diameter to venlarge the upper end of the outer annular chamber, returnues communicating with said enlarged upper end of the outer annular chamber and hot-air flues communicating with the inner annular chamber, substantially as set forth.

4. The combination with a heater, of two concentric walls forming an inner chamber surrounding the heater and a chamber between said-walls, an annular series of ports connecting the lower ends of said chambers, the upper end of the inner wall contracted and provided on its upper end with a register to supply7 heated air to the lower floor of a building and means for conveying cool air to the upper end of the chamber between the concentric walls.

5. In-a heating and Ventilating system, a heater, two concentric Walls surrounding said heater to form an inner and an outer chamber surrounding the heater, an annular series of ports connecting the lower ends of said chambers, means communicating with the inner chamber for conducting heat therefrom, Ventilating-fines and cold-air-return iues loo Cornnilincziting with olie upper end of the In testimony whereof I have signed this outer` chamber around t-he heater, the oaspeoifcation in the presence of two subscribpacity of the cold-air-return ues being slibing Witnesses.

stantially equal '|30 the capacity of the outer WILLIAM II. I-IORMEL. 5 chamber surrounding the heater plus the oa- Witnesses:

paoity of the ventilating-ues, substantially L. A. LOWRY,

as set forth. KITTIE LORD. 

